International Dimensions Of Organizational Behavior

Introduction The organizations in the world today may face all kinds of challenges across the national boundaries. By learning the international dimensions of organizational behavior, a manager will make better and more ethical decisions for the following reasons. First of all, the managers will learn the classical theories of international dimensions of organizational behaviors that will improve the knowledge of the managers. The managers will know the impact of culture on organizations, the effect of cultural diversity on the organization, and how to manage cross-cultural subordinates. Since everyone is different in the organizations, the managers need to know all the possible reasons for all kinds of consequences. The globalized business has a demand for managers with cross-cultural management skills. International dimensions of organizational behavior for better decision making The understanding of the international dimensions of organizational behavior helps managers make better decisions in three major parts: the managerial functions, the managerial skills and the managerial facts of life. There was once a Chinese business man call Dr. An Wang. He was a Chinese American computer engineer who has electrical engineering degree in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and applied physics PHD in Harvard University. He was co-founder of the computer company Wang Laboratories. Wang Laboratories was a sole proprietorship company at beginning and had $27 million sales and 1400Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior Is Defined As A Set Of Behaviors1669 Words   |  7 Pages Literature review Introduction: Organizational citizenship behavior is defined as a set of behaviors which extends from one s basic requirements of job. 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George Eliot An Intrusive Author Free Essays

An omniscient narrator and in addition a constantly interfering one ensures that the reader is well informed about re opinion and hardly is able to form an own one different from hers. However she pretends to look at her characters in a scientific way. The subtitle sounds like a title for a dissertation: ‘Study of Provincial Life’ which calls for objectivity. We will write a custom essay sample on George Eliot: An Intrusive Author or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eliot very seldom directly states her personal opinion, like when she says: â€Å"For my part I am very sorry for him† (Elliot G. :3. 29) In contrast to the â€Å"strong [microscopic] lens applied to Mrs. Stepladder’s matchmaking† (Elliot G. L . 6). The reason for this scientific approach might be a deep desire to morally lift up society and this way she tries to Influence humankind. Eliot had a secular understanding of morality. Newton sees it â€Å"as signs of an excessive moralist† (Newton K. M. ). However I do not agree with him, but believe that she wanted to spread and propagate her opinion and improve humankind as the intrusive narrator comments â€Å"We are all of us born into moral stupidity, taking the world as an udder to feed our supreme selves’ (Elliot G. :2. 21 ). She is a child of Victorian writing and â€Å"places humans at the centre of 1 the cosmic stage, In the place of God (Department of English Studies. 2008:79). Her spectacles towards religion and how religious people should conduct them In cuisines Is shown In the contrasting characters of Mr. Caleb Garth and Mr. Bolstered. Bolstered is a devoutly religious banker in Middleware. â€Å"It was a principle with Mr. God† (Elliot 6. :2. 16). Although he does a lot of good things like the fever hospital, the narrator let him appear as a disagreeable hypocrite. During the course of the story the reader learns that he has a questionable past and even made his fortune through omission of telling the truth, by not admitting the existence of Will Ladies mother as the daughter of the widow he married. At the end he does not only try to rib Will Ladies and Legate, but also indirectly commits murder. Even so he still manages for his own mental sake to distort all proceedings as it were God’s will although â€Å"he went through a great deal of spiritual conflict and inward argument in order to adjust his motives, and make clear to himself what God’s glory required. (Elliot 6. :3. 32). However people were skeptical about him and did not trust him fully. Kayaked sees the root of his hypocrisy in his continual striving for self- deception (Kayaked G. 2003). In addition Bolstered was less concerned with applied eligibility but with a â€Å"spiritual kind of rescue [which] was a genuine need with him. 0 He was simply a man whose desires had been stronger than his theoretic beliefs, and who had gradually explained the gratification of his desires into satisfactory agreement with those beliefs† (Elliot 6. 4. 61). The narrator’s gives us her moral opinion right after this passage â€Å"This implicit reasoning is essentially nor more peculiar to evangelical belief than the use of wide phrases for narrow motives is peculiar to Englishmen† and â€Å"there is no general doctrine which is not capable of dating out our morality if unchecked by the deep-seated habit of direct fellow-feeling with individual fellow-men† (Elliot 6. :4. 65). Balustrade’s preference is also expressed in the choice of 2 Mr. Tyke who â€Å"is a real Gospel preacher† (Elliot G. 4. 18) in opposition to Mr. Freebooter because he does not teach his opinion â€Å"which he calls spiritual religion† (Elliot 6. :4. 17). In the case of Bolstered I believe George Eliot wants to teach the moral lesson: the highe r you climb, the father you fall’. As Mr. Balustrade’s aim was to be â€Å"an eminent Christian† (Elliot 6. :5. 52) his disgrace was all the worth at the end. The opposite of Mr. Bolstered what concerns business and religiosity is Mr. Garth and his family. Mr. Garth does not constantly talk about religion but lives it. He helps where he can even if he puts himself and his family in trouble and has a most forgiving sole. He lends the money to Fred, who actually should have more money than himself and is neither angry nor regrets his decision when he is told that Fred cannot pay it back, although this meaner that his own son has to sacrifice his education. He is an example of altruism and applied religiosity. He is described as an honest, discreet ad hard irking man who expects everyone around him to act the same way. In contrast to Mr. Bolstered George Elliot promotes through Mr. Garth a religion of man, not of God and an understanding of religion which is based on the fellowship amongst men rather than the personal satisfaction of his ego. Humanity is the centre of Elite’s belief and she stresses the importance of men taking responsibility for their actions viewed sympathetic identification?altruism?as the antidote to the enervating effects of egoism or self-interest which political economists had argued’ (Christianson F. ). For me the family of Mr. Garth is an impressing example of how Christianity should be lived and applied. Mr. Garth sees fulfillment in his work and enjoys the improvement of conditions without thinking about payment. He wants to improve society with his work and is satisfied if he sees progress and that he has done a good job. It is important for him â€Å"to have the 3 chance of getting a bit of the country into good fettle, as they say, and putting men into the right way with their farming, and getting a bit of good contriving and solid building done?that those who are living and those who come after will be the better or† (Elliot 6. :4. 40). He loves his work, but despises business and therefore he often does not charge for his work. As a result the family is poor, but happy. Others are drinking or gambling but his bad habit â€Å"is to work without being paid† (Elliot 6. :3. 24). Caleb finds delight in the sight of people working and listening to their sounds, which â€Å"had acted on him as poetry without the aid of the poets, had made a philosophy for him without the aid of philosophers, a religion without the aid of theology’ (Elliot G. : 3. 24). Mr. Garth and his family show the worth of hard work, good sense, and practical kindness. They demonstrate the virtue of doing the necessary work that lies at hand, rather than planning to save the world (Kayaked G. 2003). They also do not care about ranks and what people say. â€Å"He thought very well of all ranks, but he would not himself have liked to be of any rank in which he had not such close contact with ‘business† (Elliot 6. :3. 24). In contrary Mr. Bolstered cares about rank and buys Featheriness property to rise in rank. Rank and class is also great important to Fred and a constant issue to Will Ladies. Fred Vinci and Will Ladies is another contrasting couple in similar situations. Although Eliot does not seem to condemn rank absolutely, she views it from several perspectives. On one hand there is the whole Vinci family who is extremely status conscious. Fred is constantly aware of his rank which makes him a self-indulged, â€Å"pleasure seeking† (Elliot 6. :3. 23) and idle man who thinks he has a right to prosperity without work and effort. Fred was brought up in a way he never had to think about money and also not to think about a way he should earn it. The children had no standard of economy’ (Elliot G. :3. 23). Rank was of great 4 importance and â€Å"even when Caleb Garth was prosperous, the Evinces were on undiscerning terms with him and his wife, for there were nice distinctions of rank in Middleware; and though old manufacturers could not any more than dukes be connected with none but equals, they were conscious of an inherent social superiority which was defi ned with great nicety in practice, though hardly expressible enjoying the sense of belonging to no class† (Elliot 6. :5. 46). Will finds his position to be liberating. He doesn’t have to follow the same social rules as everyone else. If he wants to lie on the rug instead of sitting bolt upright in a chair, he lies on the rug. Ladies and Fred both were sponsored by other people. Fred by his father and Ladies by Mr. Cubans, but Eliot shows, that there are different ways to handle this situation. Ladies works for Mr. Brooke and never considers whether this is appropriate for him or not. Others, like Mr. Cheetah, criticism his conduct. Fred instead thinks work is below his standard and not appropriate. In addition he lives beyond his meaner and has no problem in indenting himself. He believes he â€Å"had a right to be free from anything disagreeable† (Elliot 6. :3. 23) and winced under the idea of being looked down upon as wanting funds for small debts. However 160 pounds were not really small debts, but Fred could ask nobody else than Mr. Garth who was the â€Å"poorest and the kindest† (Elliot 6. :3. 23). Finally Fred is pulled out of his situation through the Garth family. Elite’s secular understanding of morality includes the belief in the possibility of moral growth and responsibility of men for their actions. Still this growth is only possible with the support of the society. This is the reason why her individuals are necessarily part of society and those who cut themselves off from society fail. Eliot is most concerned with the improvement of society (Kayaked G. 2003). Fred is a good example that even though he has false tendencies he is able 5 to change, although this is only possible with the help of others, namely Mary and Mr. Garth. Mr. Garth always believed in Fed and was sure â€Å"the lad would turn out well† (Elliot 6. :3. 3), however he thinks that Fred â€Å"hasn’t got a principle in him to make him more afraid of doing the wrong thing by others than of getting his own toes pinched† (Elliot 6. :3. 25). In contrary Ladies has honor and principle although he is in a similar situation and depends on money of others. In Will Ladies Eliot created a character that shows not only pride but also perseverance. Eliot conveys her understanding of morality through a re alistic presentation. She does this to make her readers believe that no matter how hard the circumstances are, man can act morally (Kayaked G. 2003). Ladies neither accepts Balustrade’s money nor the payment from Mr. Cubans when he did not agree with him any longer and he is proud of the fact that his mother kept clear of the shady dealings of her father’s business, and his grandmother, who was willing to sacrifice her family fortune to marry the man she Ovid. Both Fred and Ladies show that the individual has a choice in his own life. This way Eliot questions the issue of determinism and free will. She conceives that man’s life and choice are basically determined, but man is still responsible for his choices and acts as he retains the faculty of free will (Kayaked G. 003). Otherwise it would not have been possible for Ladies to marry Throated in spite of the financial pressures of Caboose’s codicil and the prejudices of the Middleware citizens regarding his mixed descent with his â€Å"dangerously mixed blood† (Elliot 6. :5. 46). Eliot obviously does not agree with these kinds of prejudices and s tereotypes as she little children† and nice to older ladies (Elliot G. :5. 46). 6 Elite’s attitude towards women and marriage are another interesting point. Women play a very important role in Middleware and are a driving force behind the men. Also Mr. Garth knows that and insists that Fred â€Å"loves Mary and a true love for a good woman is a great thing, 0 it shapes many rough fellow’ (Elliot 6. :6. 56). On the other side Mary is aware of men’s needs and knows that â€Å"husbands are an inferior class of men, who require keeping in order† (Elliot 6. :8. 77). Also Mrs.. Garth supports her husband by stressing out that the right thinking inside of a person is what he has to follow no matter what other people say about you. Mimi must have it inside you that your plan is right and that plan you follow’ (Elliot 6. :4. 40). Both Ladies and Fred are strongly influenced and directed by women. In Fried’s case Marry is the one who leads him on the right pass. She would not marry him, because she sees that they cannot make a life together unless he finds his true place in the world. The church is for Mary obviously not the true place as she thinks he would be a ridiculous clergyman. Mary is not blinded by class or rank, but sees in Fred an â€Å"idle frivolous creature† (Elliot 6. :3. 25). She shows more pride than he has. â€Å"l should be ashamed to say that I loved a man who must always be hanging on others, and reckoning on what they would do for him† (Elliot 6. 3. 25). Therefore Mary tries to make a responsible man out of Fred, one that is acting and not only talking so he can be respected like her father is. Also Throated is responsible for Will’s career. Trochee’s great quality is her ability to influence people by the strength of her idealism, and this has ruefully affected Ladies: â€Å"But that simplicity of hers, holding up an ideal for others in her believing conception of them, was one of the great powers of her womanhood. And it had from the first acted strongly on Will Ladies 0, he felt that in her mind he had found his highest estimate (Elliot G. 8. 77). Without the influence of Throated, we are made to feel, Ladies would have remained a rootless aesthete. However 7 Will’s love for Throated is giving and altruistic. He wants to protect her and lift her up. He â€Å"always seemed to see more in what she said than herself saw’ (Elliot 6. 4. 37). In Middleware women have great power and influence on their husbands. However Eliot promotes their subordinate position which is expressed in the duty of the wives to support and follow their husbands no matter what happens. Mrs.. Bolstered bears her husband and chooses to live with less comfort and stay with him although he has to leave Middleware in disgrace. She acts differently from her niece Roseland who is not willing to share the hardship of her husband, but is shown as an eccentric and selfish character in contrast to Throated who submissively accepts her role as Mr. f her characters conveys her attitude either as good or as bad example. Determinism and free will as well as the humanistic and applied side of religion are her major concerns. How to cite George Eliot: An Intrusive Author, Papers

Letter to the Editor free essay sample

Forest has been protected from exploration of oil, gas and other natural resources and still remains untouched by humans but imagine the natural resources that could be hidden in this expansive wilderness. As with any proposed development there will be risks involved which is why a risk assessment would be necessary to keep the public safe by taking time to identify potential hazards, evaluate the risk of exposure and how it could potentially affect anyone who could be exposed. Once a hazard has been identified the steps involved in a risk assessment help gather more information about who has been exposed, the health effects of exposure and what can be done to resolve the issue. After the information about exposure has been analyzed then those involved in the risk assessment can decide the best way to resolve the issue without putting anyone at risk. By finding this important information it helps those involved in the risk management set priorities based on the threat of hazards and make sure the right preventative measures are taken to protect the public and habitat against the risk of exposure. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to the Editor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though there are risks involved there are also advantages in developing this land, exploration and drilling on land is much safer and less riskier than off shore drilling. Exploration wells, drilling sites and oil transportation could potentially bring more jobs to the area and given the state of our economy this could be a great opportunity for the local economy. By using our own natural resources available we could free up some of the need for foreign oil and gas by using what we have available within the United States, although this is not an immediate solution it would provide a long term fix for gas prices and gas production in the future. In conclusion, I am not stating we need to develop the entire Bridger Teton National Forest but we can utilize some of the natural resources available and protect our environmental sustainability at the same time. Conservationists believe in the use of natural resources while being careful and respectful of using our natural resources at the same time. The Teton National Forest is the largest intact eco system in the lower 48 states that remains untouched by humans and many in our community would like to keep it that way. This land is more valuable to preserve and should be protected from being used for exploration of natural resources, on the other hand there are people that feel this expansive wilderness should be used to explore the natural resources available. We need to protect Teton National Forest from potentially dangerous hazards that could come from exploration and development for oil, natural gas and other natural resources. We have alternative ways to obtain the same resources and should focus our efforts on finding new alternatives for our non-renewable resources. Researchers argue that we could tap into these natural resources and still be environmentally friendly but there are risks involved that we should be aware of. Exploration and drilling for oil could lead to drill sites, oil transportation and potential oil spills that could result in environmental issues such as pollution and exposure to hazardous materials. By considering all potential risks involved and educating those around us we can help keep our community safe. Many people come to Bridger Teton National Forest to enjoy hiking, biking, camping, fishing, sightseeing and many other recreational activities this natural land provides. For some it is a great escape from daily life where you can come to get away from it all, imagine how different things would be sitting on top of the hill after a long hike and looking across the expansive landscape to see a drill site in the distance. An exploration of oil would not only affect outdoor recreational use of the forest but threaten wildlife by disrupting forest species and animals out of their natural habitat. All species exposed to the development area could be exposed to hazardous chemicals and pollutants that go hand in hand with oil drill sites. In closing, by preserving Teton National Forest and continuing to protect the land from drilling and exploration of natural resources we can keep it intact for our future generations. We need to come together as a community and stand up for what is right, we have a voice and need to continue to protect this valuable land that is our home! Sincerely, James Fraley A concerned citizen and preservationist

The Hobby of Running free essay sample

Running as a hobby is recommended because it is beneficial in helping to improve health, helps you to meet new people and is versatile and relatively inexpensive. Running is also a useful tool in reducing stress and provides other psychological benefits. Running is a relatively easy hobby to take up. Running requires no new skills. You can begin running at any age with many people over 40 taking their first running steps as they embark on the path to health and a new and exciting hobby. The cost to start running is low requiring only a good pair of running shoes and a supportive sports bra for women. No expensive equipment or gym membership is required to be a runner. You can run anywhere virtually year round. You can run almost any time of day or night that suits your preference. There are many social benefits from running. You can join a running club to meet new people, find a training partner, or simply to pick up running tips from others. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hobby of Running or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Running with a buddy can help strengthen the bond of friendship as well as provide the safety aspect of running in pairs. If one runner gets sick or injured the second runner can assist. An attacker will be less likely to attack a pair of runners or a group of runners than a person running solo. Running clubs often host social runs and also serve as a team cheering squad during long runs. There are fundraising training groups such as the Arthritis Foundations Joints in Motion Training Team or the Leukemia and Lymphoma Societys Team In Training, which will train you to run a half or full marathon in exchange for fundraising efforts. Many organized races are fundraising events for local organizations such as schools and churches and national organizations such as Ronald McDonald House Charities, Scottish Rite Hospital for Children and Team RWB supporting America’s veterans. Not only will you be helping yourself with the gift of health but you will be supporting a great cause and helping others along the way with a portion of your entry fees being used for these charitable causes. Running for leisure can help you to improve your health in many ways. It reduces the risk of heart attack by lowering your blood pressure and raising good cholesterol. Running helps reduce the risk for osteoarthritis because it is considered to be a weight bearing exercise which helps to increase bone density. Recent studies also show that it also helps in the fight against osteoarthritis because it helps increase oxygen flow and flushes toxins out of the body. It is believed that the impact of running generates eight times your body weight as an impact on your joints and this is thought to increase the production of proteins in cartilage that makes your bones and joints stronger (Thomas, 2013). Running is a great method for helping you to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight. Running helps burn calories in two ways; calorie expenditure during and immediately following the run and by building muscle. The calorie burn from running is approximately 600 calories per hour based on a six mile run at 10 minutes per mile. To calculate the total calorie burn for running use a calculation method of . 75 x your weight in pounds (lbs. ) (Burfoot, 2005) . Muscle built and maintained by running also helps in all day calorie burn. Muscle burns calories and fat does not therefore the more muscle mass you build the higher your metabolism will be and the more calories you will burn even at rest. Running is a great way to relieve stress and has been used by mental health experts to treat depression and addiction. Running for 20 to 30 minutes releases endorphins leading to a relaxed and peaceful feeling. Longer distance running increases the release of endorphins and can lead to what is known as the â€Å"runner’s high†, a feeling of euphoria which is also often associated with completing an endurance event such as a half or full marathon. Running allows you to use the time on the trail to clear your head and think about issues that you are struggling with. Often times the problems that seemed daunting before a run can seem smaller or non-existent afterwards. Speed running or completing a few sprints are healthy ways to release the emotional negativity that comes with anger and frustration as long as it is done safely. The positive energy from overcoming obstacles of completing a run in a certain amount of time or meeting the goal of completing a distance run can provide mental benefits of helping you to learn about your personal strength and mental focus. This new found self-confidence and knowledge about yourself can also be transferred to other areas of your life and help you cope with issues in a healthy way. Whether you are running to lose weight, running alone or with a group, running away from stress, no matter the reason, the road to better health begins when you decide to lace up a pair of shoes and put on foot in front of the other.

Free Essays on My Mexican American Experience

My Mexican American Experience John Philip Santos’ Things Left Unfinished at the Time of Creation and Norma Cantu’s Canicula, are two memoirs that illustrate the essence of family and history. As the fourth generation in my family to be born in the United States, I could somewhat relate to the traditions, the stories of the family interactions, and the â€Å"growing pains† of maturing. The little I know about Mexican culture, I learned from my maternal grandmother. She taught me â€Å"dichos†, herbal cures, and holiday customs. She reminded me of the â€Å"viejitas† in Santos’ book. I was constantly being reminded to drink a glass of sugar water for â€Å"susto† and being prayed over while being rubbed with an egg for the â€Å"evil eye† which was the cause for any ailment from fever and headache to bad moods. I remember being taken to a neighbor for a â€Å"sobada†. I was also taken to a family friend for what amounted to a spinal adjustment to cure â€Å"empacho† (which thoroughly worked). In reading these two memoirs, I could not comprehend how Santos and Cantu did not tire of being around their extended family members. If I saw my cousins, aunts and uncles once every five years it was too much. Our family gatherings consisted of the aunts and uncles trying to â€Å"one-up† each other on their success and financial and material gains. There were never any favorite cousins because we never got to know each other. I saw my paternal grandmother maybe 10 times in my entire life as the family spanned between each seaboard. To this day, my father refuses to say that he is Mexican American. He is simply an American and his race is always to be checked off as white in that ever present, ominous box on forms. He objects to the label of Hispanic, Latino, and Chicano. To him, all memories of being Mexican are negative ones of being poor, discriminated against, being made to work hard labor in cotton fields as a child, ... Free Essays on My Mexican American Experience Free Essays on My Mexican American Experience My Mexican American Experience John Philip Santos’ Things Left Unfinished at the Time of Creation and Norma Cantu’s Canicula, are two memoirs that illustrate the essence of family and history. As the fourth generation in my family to be born in the United States, I could somewhat relate to the traditions, the stories of the family interactions, and the â€Å"growing pains† of maturing. The little I know about Mexican culture, I learned from my maternal grandmother. She taught me â€Å"dichos†, herbal cures, and holiday customs. She reminded me of the â€Å"viejitas† in Santos’ book. I was constantly being reminded to drink a glass of sugar water for â€Å"susto† and being prayed over while being rubbed with an egg for the â€Å"evil eye† which was the cause for any ailment from fever and headache to bad moods. I remember being taken to a neighbor for a â€Å"sobada†. I was also taken to a family friend for what amounted to a spinal adjustment to cure â€Å"empacho† (which thoroughly worked). In reading these two memoirs, I could not comprehend how Santos and Cantu did not tire of being around their extended family members. If I saw my cousins, aunts and uncles once every five years it was too much. Our family gatherings consisted of the aunts and uncles trying to â€Å"one-up† each other on their success and financial and material gains. There were never any favorite cousins because we never got to know each other. I saw my paternal grandmother maybe 10 times in my entire life as the family spanned between each seaboard. To this day, my father refuses to say that he is Mexican American. He is simply an American and his race is always to be checked off as white in that ever present, ominous box on forms. He objects to the label of Hispanic, Latino, and Chicano. To him, all memories of being Mexican are negative ones of being poor, discriminated against, being made to work hard labor in cotton fields as a child, ...

10 Traits That Will Kill Your Career

10 Traits That Will Kill Your Career You know the basic rules: don’t lie or cheat or embezzle from the company. But there are a few character flaws and personal patterns or habits that could also seriously hinder your progress- and even kill your career. Most people don’t even realize they’re doing themselves or their careers harm until it’s far too late. And most careers aren’t impacted by one big mistake or one cringeworthy comment. It happens little by little, in ways you might not expect. So keep an eye out for these subtle traits and traps that could already be bringing you down.1. NarcissismIf you’re just thinking about yourself and how you can succeed, that’s self-absorption in the highest. You’ll go farther in your career if you consider how to help the company get ahead- and the company is made of people. It’s not all about you. Focus on being a better team player. In a rising tide, all boats rise.2. DishonestyIt doesn’t have to be one big wh opper to count as lying. In fact, it’s often the smaller fibs around the edges that create a pattern making for a person a boss would likely write off as â€Å"dishonest.† Cultivate honesty as a virtue and a character trait. Be tactful, but not obsequious. Have the courage to accept responsibility when things are your fault. And keep your mouth shut- don’t spread rumors about your coworkers or friends.3.  Making False PromisesYou either over-promise or under-deliver, but either way, you’re falling short of expectations and failing to do what you said you’d accomplish. Set reasonable, achievable goals for yourself. Make promises only that you’re certain you can keep. That way, if you get more done faster, you can give your boss a pleasant surprise instead of having to underperform.4. ComplacencyOtherwise known as: laziness. When was the last time you learned a new skill or took a refresher or other training course? When was the last time yo u certified yourself in something new? Or really dug into industry research to keep yourself on the cutting edge? If you don’t grow, you won’t be challenged and you won’t change. And you’ll never get ahead.5. PessimismNobody likes a Debbie Downer. If you find yourself focusing more on the negative side of everything, don’t be surprised when no one wants to work with you- and your boss doesn’t particularly want to see you succeed.6. ApathyEven worse than being negative or pessimistic is being apathetic. If you can’t bring yourself to care one way or the other, how can you expect anyone to trust you or want to work with you? Even if you hate your job, give it your best and move on. Otherwise you’ll be stuck, you’ll get a bad reputation, and you’ll never get ahead.7. Fear of changeKeep your eye on the prize, the big picture. Weigh your daily and monthly priorities against your long-term goals. And don’t be afr aid of changes in your company or industry. Learn to be adaptable. Roll with the tides. Don’t ever hear yourself saying, â€Å"But we’ve always done it this way.† Learn to grow and adapt as things progress- and keep your biggest dreams in the back of your mind at all times. Be flexible. Embrace the ever-changing nature of the working world.8. EgoYou get a little success, it goes to your head, and all of a sudden you’re the star of every show. You’re arrogant. Full of yourself. Cocky. You’re doing nothing but setting yourself up for a rather painful failure.9. InsecurityWhether this manifests as meekness, arrogance, envy, pessimism, oversensitivity†¦ it doesn’t matter. Do what you have to do to be more confident in your own abilities and career position. Go to therapy. This trait makes a negative impact across all areas of your life- not just your job. And it’s not a good enough excuse for the behavior it tends to cause.10. Sucking upNobody likes a brown-noser. You’re not showing real respect or building a relationship; you’re a big phony going about things the underhanded way. Earn your boss’s respect the honest way. Prove your merit. Help your team. Show don’t tell.Once you’ve got all of this down,  the next step is to make sure you don’t let any of your biases impact your decisions. In order to effectively develop your career, it’s important to admit you have biases and learn to correct them. The more objective you are, the better your decisions will be.

The service Encounter (Human resources management) Essay

The service Encounter (Human resources management) - Essay Example For that the human resource department can use various people management tools. The following reports gives an insight into factors which determine customer and employee satisfaction. These factors are justified on both empirical and theoretical grounds. This is followed by suggestions and recommendations of the best practices of the hospitality industry which are commonly practiced to increase customer satisfaction. ... The economy of advanced countries is dominated by services which contribute to up to 70% of their economy. (Ostrom, 2010).It is unanimously agreed that all industries are customer driven but it is these selection of services about which customers are the most particular and drivers of optimum service and customer satisfaction lead to the most growth and success. Thus service organizations worldwide are shifting their focus to service quality as a priority to carve a niche in the current competitive environment. This allows for differentiation and sustainable global advantage in the market place. (Gounaris,2003) The hotel industry is no different and the customers judge the service according to perceived service quality. This perceived service quality is in turn determined by many indicators which include assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and other tangibles. These are the five service quality dimensions which are based upon the Golden rule. (Jac Fitz-enz)Other factors w hich determine perceived service quality are communications, human resource and employee management standards and employee attitudes.(Snipes,2005). Thus all employee improvement tools that lead to employee satisfaction and affective commitment can mediate the relationship between service culture and customer perceived service quality. (Hung Trong Hoang, 2010). These employee tools have to affect the five service quality dimensions either directly or indirectly to have a positive effect on the hotel. It should also be noted that different subsets of customers have different notions about service quality and thus a variety of service standards must be met for customer satisfaction. (Shannon Anderson,2008).

Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Position Paper - Essay Example 146). The supporters of this argument indicate that every day and every occasion is different from all the rest. It is, therefore, not right to expect that history will provide viable lessons for the present, let alone the future. My position on this issue is that there are lessons in history. My position is based on three arguments. First, the conditions that lead to a problem in the past are more often than not the same that cause its repeat later in life. Secondly, present problems often result from failures to recognize and handle historical signs of the same. Thirdly, if it is true that the present prepares for the future and that the present will be history in future, and then history will have lessons to give the future. The social structure of the world undergoes minimal changes over the years. This implies that what the cause-effect relationship of incidences and events in history happen to be the same in the present. For instance, the history of war indicates that the causes of the first and second world wars were economic inequality and the search for trade and military superiority. This was caused by the lack of economic corporation. When the First World War ended, the world leaders did not take enough concern to handle the causes and hence the Second World War was inevitable. In both, tension events preceded the war outbreak and fuelled the attacks (Crescenzi, Kathman, and Long, p. 236). Presently, these are the lessons that the world always consider in monitoring the economic and trade environment of the world. This control through the IMF and World Bank, established after WWII is a lesson from history. The implementation of the deductions from those lessons has seen the world through more than 60 years if relatively peaceful existence and lack of conflicts. With capitalism and globalization, the fight for economic superiority in the world is not expected to undergo changes. This implies that the lessons learnt from history will always be

Basic Economics Definitions Essay Example for Free

Basic Economics Definitions Essay Colander (2010) stated, â€Å"Economics is the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, social customs, and political realities of the society† (p. 4). The main word defining â€Å"economics† would be coordination, and in economics, refers to three central problems that face any economy and how they are solved. These central problems are 1. What and how much to produce. 2. How to produce it. 3. For whom to produce it (Colander, 2010). Individuals frequently assume that economics only concern is with business, money, and supply, and demand. However, economics began as a branch of philosophy, and Alfred Marshall, the 19th century economist describes economics as the study of individuals in the business of everyday life. * Scarcity Colander (2010) stated â€Å"scarcity has two elements: our wants and our means of fulfilling those wants. These can be interrelated since wants are changeable and partially determined by society† (p. 5). Scarcity is a basic problem of economics it has apparent limitless individual wants and needs when the world in fact has limited resources. We as a society have scarce creative resources to fulfill everyone’s wants and needs. * TANSTAAFL Colander (2010) states TANSTAAFL â€Å"economic knowledge in one sentence â€Å"There ain’t no such thing as a free lunch† (p. 7). This acronym is trying to illustrate the cost of spending and decision making, and expresses that there is always a cost whether hidden or indirect even if it may seem like it is free. * Opportunity Cost Colander (2010) states â€Å"Opportunity cost is the benefit that you might have gained from choosing the next-best alternative. To obtain the benefit of something, you must give up something else. TANSTAAFL theory embodies the opportunity cost concept because it tells us that there is a cost to everything; that cost is the next-best forgone alternative† (p. 9). In economics, the term â€Å"opportunity cost† refers to money or benefits lost or given up pursuing a particular path specific path of action instead of an alternative or something else. Almost every decision made in business has an opportunity cost attached to it. For example should a business continue using a particular piece of equipment, or should the business purchase new equipment with additional features, and pay a higher rate. * Production Possibilities Curve Colander (2010) states the definition as â€Å"The production possibility curve is a curve that measures the maximum combination of outputs that can be obtained with a given number of inputs† (p. 29). The Production Possibility Curve is a graph representing the difference in rate when two products are produced with only a specific quantity of resources. For example, Suzie will bake brownies and cookies, but she has only one oven. An area in the oven used for baking brownies is not necessarily used for the cookies; therefore, for each brownie baked there are fewer baked cookies. * Comparative Advantage Colander (2010) states the definition as â€Å"some resources have a comparative advantage over other resources— the ability to be better suited to the production of one good than to the production of another good† (p. 28-29). Comparative advantage is the capability to manufacture services or merchandise at an opportunity cost lower than other individuals or businesses giving the individuals or businesses the capability of selling their services or merchandise at lower pricing than their competitors price. * Business Cycle Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"a business cycle is the upward or downward movement of economic activity that occurs around the growth trend† (p. 158). Business cycles refer to economic fluctuations in trade, production, and economic activity in over several months or years. Economic fluctuations take place throughout long-term growth trends, involving shifts over time showing fast economic growth, and periods of decline. * CPI Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"the consumer price index (CPI) is an index of inflation measuring prices of a fixed basket of consumer goods, weighted according to each component’s share of an average consumer’s expenditures† (p. 171). The CPI or consumer price index is a measurement showing household purchases indicating the change in the price levels of services and consumer goods. The CPI calculates the price changes for each predetermined item in the â€Å"basket of goods† and averages them, and weighted by their importance with the price changes related to the cost of living. * Labor Force To define labor force or workforce, and this is the calculation of every adult whether employed or unemployed. Estimated by The Bureau of Labor Statistics labor is categorized by employed, unemployed or not in the labor force for individuals age 16 and over. Individuals not categorized into the labor force are students, retired, or institutionalized individuals. The labor force changes over periods because of social and demographic changes. * Transfer Payments Colander (2010) states the definition, as â€Å"payments to individuals that do not involve production by those individuals. Transfer payments include Social Security payments, and unemployment insurance† (p. 184). Transfer payments are monies from the government given to individuals such payments include unemployment, social security, disability, and other welfare payments. References * Business cycle. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/business cycle Comparative advantage. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comparative advantage Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. (pg. 4, 5, 7, 9, 28-29, 158, 171, 184). Economics. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/economics Opportunity cost. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/opportunity cost Scarcity. (2013). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scarcity

Abraham Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States. Born in a log cabin in the backwoods, Lincoln was almost entirely self-educated. In 1831 he settled in New Salem, Ill., and worked as a storekeeper, surveyor, and postmaster while studying law. The story of his brief love affair there with Anne Rutledge is now discredited. In 1834 he was elected to the state legislature, and in 1836 he became a lawyer. He served one term (1847–49) in Congress as a Whig; in 1855 he sought to become a senator but failed. In 1856 he joined the new Republican Party. He ran again in 1858 for the Senate against Stephen A. Douglas, and in a spirited campaign he and Douglas engaged in seven debates. Lincoln was not an abolitionist, but he regarded slavery as an evil and opposed its extension. Although he lost the election, he had by now made a name for himself, and in 1860 he was nominated by the Republicans for president. He ran against a divided Democratic party and was elected with a minority of the popular vote. To the South, Lincoln's election was a signal for secession. By Inauguration Day seven states had seceded, and four more seceded after he issued a summons to the militia. It is generally agreed that Lincoln handled the vast problems of the Civil War with skill and vigor. Besides conducting the war, he faced opposition in the North from radical abolitionists, who considered him too mild, and from conservatives, who were gloomy over the prospects of success in the war. His cabinet was rent by internal hatred, and the progress of the war went against the North at first. In 1863 he moved to free the slaves by issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, but preserving the Union remained his main war aim. His thoughts on the war were beautifully expressed in the Gettysburg Address (1863). In 1864 Lincoln ran for reelection against George B. McClellan and won, partly because of the favorable turn of military affairs after his

How is ICT Used in Schools and What are the Effects? Essay

Introduction I have chosen to do a report on the effect on schools and colleges. I chose this topic because I attend school every day and I can find out a lot about schools. I can also find out about the use of ICT in colleges because my mother works at a college. I will be able to find out information to include from many sources. I think finding out about the development of ICT is very interesting and I can compare the ICT facilities. I will also be able to find out information about how ICT is used in schools. To do this I am going to use a range of sources, for example, books, the Internet and people. How has ICT changed over the last 30 years? Computers can be changed for interactive learning, unlike 30 years ago. The only disadvantage to this is the pupils will not be as motivated as they would with a teacher. Computers have changed dramatically over the last few decades. Computers started appearing in schools in 1983. At this time there were very few, they were called Caltext Word Processors. They were larger, slower, had less memory, the programs were not advanced. Now there are hundreds of machines, printers, scanners etc. Modern computers have more processing power than the larger, room-sized computers, which were around in the 60’s and early 70’s. How has ICT changed in schools? ICT is used in schools for many purposes, for example, recording grades and attendance. All the information for attendance is input into the computer and a spreadsheet is made. The percentage is calculated by the computer and a new monitoring system phones parents at regular intervals during the day to enquire about absences. It keeps phoning until there is a reply. School libraries use ICT for bar code readers and the librarian can access data about who has which book, the book on loan and the return date. It can also be an efficient form of identification. For example Hillcrest, our card system is an efficient way to but dinner. The cards can also be used for library cards because they have a photo on them. This is taken from a digital camera and was input into a computer and put on to a card. This is useful because they can be used as identity, because the coloured stripe shows which year each pupil is in. The black stripe along the back of the card stores information about the name, year and the amount of money on the card. An advantage to this system is it doesn’t show who has free meal, the information is not available to other pupils. As well as ICT being available to other pupils, it is also useful for teachers, because a database can be kept of all the details of the pupil such as the date of birth, emergency contact numbers, and progress in lessons and behaviour. With ICT help can be given in other subjects. Programs such as Encarta, The Way Things Work, and especially the Internet. The Internet is helpful because pupils can access any educational site and web page filters such as The Birmingham Grid For Learning, stop offensive pages being shown. The Internet also has a useful site for teachers, where they can input students work into the site and it tells them how much has been copied of the Internet. This helps to prevent Plagiarism. Teachers can also access prepared lesson plans and schemes of work. Students can also save their work on the network, in their own area. Which can be accessed from any network computer and it is also secure because each persons account is password protected. Schools can use Digital Cameras to put a photograph into the computer to put photographs on to the website, art students can include graphics into their work and the photographs can be used for swipe cards or identification cards. What are the historical aspects of the changes in ICT in schools? Years ago, computers may only have been used in computing, but now they are used in many other subjects, for example, Maths software, Science software, homework and revision programs, and business forecasting tools. Computers have become more developed, e.g. when computers were first put into the education system there may not have been printers in schools, but now there are many in each classroom. Computers are also much more advanced, the old dot matrix printers have been replaced by Ink Jet and Laser Jet printers which give a much better quality, are better value for money because printing off large amounts of paper is cheaper. It also has a higher resolution, which means the print out is better. What are the technological breakthroughs, which have helped in schools? Breakthroughs in ICT are helpful in schools for a number of ways. Bar Code Readers are useful in the school library to check out books; Voice Recognition could be useful for teachers who do not want to type a worksheet/handout. This is an advantage for disabled people who find it difficult to use a keyboard. They could dictate a worksheet into a program called Voicepad. Scanners are a breakthrough and any picture that is input into a computer can be edited, changes in colours, change the size etc. Also, Smart Cards are a breakthrough and are used in schools as identity cards as well as library cards. What technology is used and what is available for use? What is available to buy? Is it available in schools/ colleges? Who uses it? Scanners Available Might not be available to students Printers (laser and colour) Available to teachers and students, although some schools may have to restrict printing to save on resources which is an environmental issue Students and teachers, because they need to print their work. Photocopiers Available Students may have to ask a teacher to photocopy for them Computers Always available, though the ratio between schools may vary Teachers and students will need to use them for work A school network Available to every computer in the school Teachers and students will need to have an account Internet Available to most computers Will be limited for students because of the web page filters put in place by teachers Joystick May not be available in schools, but may be available in colleges May only be available for older pupils or teachers use Touch Screen May only be available in schools for children with disabilities. Would only be used with children who can not use a keyboard Light Pen May not be available at all May be available for teachers only What effect has ICT had in schools, and how would this be done without the use of ICT? ICT has had a big effect in schools and colleges for example e-mail is sent through the phone lines and is very quick. In my mothers’ work the students e-mail their work to the lecturers and have a reply with answers and their mark. The students with an e-mail account can contact the teachers and other students even when they are on study leave. In universities, worksheets, course details/notices and other important notices are e-mailed to group e-mail addresses, for example, all first year business students or all of first year computing rather than addressing it to each individual student. Tutors set up group e-mail accounts. All university e-mail addresses can be forwarded to home e-mail accounts. If ICT were not available pupils would have to go into college to find the teachers when they could be using that time to study. They would have to keep checking noticeboards for important information. The Intranet is useful because anyone who has a username and password within the school or college can find announcements, messages and company documents. Most universities have a program called â€Å"Blackboard† where the students can find notes assignments, web page links, and past exam papers. They can also find information from off-campus. This is very important for 2nd and final year, and also placement year students. How has ICT improved facilities in the area? Interactive whiteboards enable teachers to demonstrate and not have their backs to pupils. Touch screens can be used in education centres, not necessarily just in schools. Tests should be completed on touch screen computers because they will also tell you how much time you have left and they allow you to change an answer as many times as you like. It will record the answers you give. They use these on driving theory tests. How has ICT affected the way people work? ICT can affect the place where you work because with e-mail and Intranets you can work from home. The pupils could use distance learning. This is also available for adults who enrol on Learn Direct courses. Also, working from home is convenient because you can change the hours you work, and where you work to what is more comfortable for you. This benefits you because your stress load will decrease because you can e-mail work to the person in charge. This would be useful for someone who is unable to attend school/college and needed to make up the work with homework assignments because they can e-mail the completed work to the teacher. Although, working from home would cut off contact with people you see everyday at work. Learning in school means people have advantages when they go into work, e.g. having word processing skills means people need less training in basic skills. Teachers can carry around mobile phones and laptops to keep in contact with other colleagues when they are not a t work because they are on courses. Students can type up homework, coursework and revision notes. They can research on the Internet. They can also back up pieces of work, and if the first version was lost, they could retrieve the backup copy and continue to work from that. They can also carry between home and school, this dramatically reduce the amount of paperwork the pupils have to carry to and from school. Although, they must remember to take care of the disk and not subject it to extreme heat (by putting it near radiators) or magnets because they could destroy the disk. What rules and regulations need to be put into place to use ICT? Teachers will need to restrict Internet usage and put filters on offensive pages. This prevents them from being shown to students. The Internet can be useful for students work and revision, e.g. finding past exam papers. Although using copyright material is illegal, security is not always good on the Internet because people can hack into the Internet and find anything. Using computers for a long period of time can have a health risk: radiation, backache, wrist pain and eyesight.

Pride And Prejudice:Why is the news of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham in Chapter 46 Essay

Why is the news of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham in Chapter 46 such an important moment and how does it affect what follows in the novel? A very key moment in the novel is when Elizabeth is informed of the elopement of Lydia and Wickham by two letters from Jane (while she is visiting Pemberley in Chapter 46). The two letters instead of one create more suspense and anticipation. This chapter is very important because that single event changes everything and has far reaching effects on relationships (such as Elizabeth and Darcy, Lydia and Wickham, Jane and Bingley, the Bennet family and its distant relations), attitudes, and the development of characters in the story. It changes the perspective of many characters and the truth behind appearances begins to emerge. Everything in the novel builds up to this decisive moment of crisis where things could go either way; good or bad. The build up to this chapter is very crucial as Elizabeth and Darcy slowly come closer and are on the most civil terms before the news of the elopement breaks, which makes the situation sadly ironic. Elizabeth goes from rejecting him to having her prejudices lifted when he gives the letter, correcting her misconceptions and finally to respecting him and having a deep gratitude towards him: ‘She respected, she esteemed, she was grateful to him.’ Darcy even invites her to meet his sister and she begins to start thinking of ‘bringing on the renewal of his address.’ This is why it’s so ironic when the news arrives of Lydia’s scandalous elopement because just when Elizabeth’s feelings reach a new high point for Darcy, she is hit with the realisation that he may never want to be associated with her again: ‘Never had she so honestly felt that she could have loved him, when all love must be in vain.’ However, Darcy does show great concern for Elizabeth when he arrives unexpectedly during her breakdown; an ironic and dramatic moment as he’s almost like her saviour coming to rescue her. His concern for her is an important factor showing the closeness of the two characters, and so the reader may be contemplating whether to agree with Elizabeth or not, on her opinion that ‘her power was sinking’. When Elizabeth gives him an account of the situation and how ‘nothing can be done’, according to her interpretations, he ‘shook his head in silent acquiescence’ and is seen to be ‘walking up and down the room in earnest meditation, his brow contracted, his air gloomy.’ Elizabeth thinks that this was evidence enough that his feelings are changing. But in fact, she misunderstands his actions which is ironic as she thinks she ‘instantly understood it’. In fact, Darcy proves her wrong and does help the situation, showing the strength of Darcy’s love for Elizabeth which is the main reason that the elopement accelerates their love affair, instead of completely destroying it. It is ironic how Elizabeth regrets making Mr Darcy ‘acquainted with their fears for her sister’ in earlier chapters, but if he hadn’t known, the situation would have deteriorated. Elizabeth had clearly underestimated him as instead of looking at Elizabeth’s status with scorn, he helps the Bennet’s escape from disgrace. Elizabeth learns about this through Mrs Gardiner’s letter: ‘â€Å"He left Derbyshire only one day after ourselves, and came to town with the resolution of hunting for them.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Such a quick reaction meant that he had probably decided his intentions during his and Elizabeth’s unexpected encounter. The elopement acts as a catalyst instead of hindrance as it develops trust, understanding and gratitude between the couple. Elizabeth, of course is grateful for his ‘unexampled kindness’ to her sister but Darcy also has his reasons to thank Elizabeth. Darcy’s character is altered by the elopement, and his need to redeem himself before Elizabeth is a major part of how the effects of the elopement managed to take a positive turn for some people. Darcy undergoes a huge change in his behaviour after Elizabeth rejects his proposal as he says: ‘â€Å"You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He views the rejection as a ‘lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous’. His behaviour improves in Pemberley as he’s shown as ‘polite and unassuming’ opposed to the previous comments of his ‘disagreeable countenance’ in Meryton. But it is nothing compared to the test that the elopement put his character through. He must have suffered to lower himself and negotiate with people who nearly destroyed his sister’s life; Mrs Younge and Wickham. ‘Every kind of pride must revolt from the connection’, but he does it to prove himself to Elizabeth: ‘â€Å"The wish of giving happiness to you, might add force to the other inducements that lead me on.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He also feels responsible for the fact that because of his ‘mistaken pride’, Elizabeth’s sister was going through something that his sister had been saved of; which is why he felt it ‘his duty to step forward and endeavour to remedy an evil which had been brought upon by himself.’ It shows how he is trying to make up for his past mistakes which brings light to his good nature. However, for characters like Wickham and Lydia, the elopement does quite the opposite as their real images are finally revealed to the public. For Lydia, although her disgraceful behaviour really accentuates her flaws and the full extent of her shameless nature is shown, the elopement doesn’t tell us anything new about her character. Even previously, as Elizabeth notes, ‘Lydia had wanted only encouragement to attach herself to anybody†¦her affections had been continually fluctuating, but never without an object.’ Not many people had high expectations for her as Mr Bennet says, when Elizabeth is pleading to forbid Lydia to go to Brighton: ‘Lydia will never be easy till she has exposed herself in some public place or another’. It’s ironic as Mr Bennet’s predictions actually take place in Brighton. With Wickham, it’s a completely different matter as he always had a very ‘gentlemanlike appearance’ and an ‘agreeable manner’ but after the news of the elopement everyone realises, as Colonel Forster says, ‘W. was not a man to be trusted’. A few people, like Elizabeth, Jane and Darcy were already aware of Wickham’s true personality but most were not. Later on, when the town finds out about his debts to ‘every tradesman in the place’, they declare him to be ‘the wickedest young man in the world.’ The elopement itself is a shocking development as there was ‘â€Å"no symptom of affection on either side†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, as Elizabeth mentions, before Lydia goes to Brighton. From this, we can make an assumption that neither of the couple has strong feelings for one another as it seems a very rushed decision made in the heat of the moment rather than a well thought out marriage plan. In fact, in Jane’s letter, Denny says that Wickham ‘never intended to go there, or to marry Lydia at all’ (‘there’ in this context meaning Gretna Green: a place where young couples got married). Lydia did believe she was going to get married, as Elizabeth thinks: ‘She did not suppose Lydia to be deliberately engaging in an elopement, without the intention of marriage’. But there was enough evidence to suggest that her little understanding would be her downfall: ‘neither her virtue nor her understanding would preserve her from falling an easy prey’. She definitely didn’t understand the repercussions of this scandalous affair and doesn’t seem to full grasp the meaning of a woman’s honour; something that was very important in the 19th century. As Mary says in her reflections: ‘â€Å"Loss of virtue in a female is irretrievable- that one false step involves her in endless ruin†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Thankfully, the couple end up getting married due to a payment of â€Å"considerably more than a thousand pounds† by Darcy but their characters seem the least affected by the whole incident. ‘â€Å"Lydia was Lydia still; untamed, unabashed, wild, noisy and fearless.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Lydia undergoes no change and thinks that ‘â€Å"my sisters must all envy me†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. She has absolutely no shame for her behaviour and instead, she continuously flaunts her married status around at every opportunity available: ‘â€Å"Ah! Jane, I take your place now, and you must go lower, because I am a married woman.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ But, she doesn’t take the responsibilities that come with her married status very seriously. Although she seems to have an immense liking for Wickham, â€Å"he was her dear†, she still seems to be engaged with other men, ‘â€Å"Tell him I will dance with him at the next ball we meet, with great pleasure.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Wickham is unchanged too, still keeping up appearances: ‘His manners were always so pleasing†¦his smiles and his easy address†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Despite this, Elizabeth is able to tell that ‘Wickham’s affection for Lydia, was just what Elizabeth had expected to find it; not equal to Lydia’s for him.’ He simply married her for the money. It seems like the beginnings of a terrible marriage: ‘â€Å"Small as their chance of happiness†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘â€Å"So imprudent a match on both sides†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Their marriage has an uncanny resemblance to that of Mr and Mrs Bennet; characters of opposite natures and views, uncomplimentary personalities and a marriage that happened due to uncontrollable passion, not love: ‘How little of permanent happiness could belong to a couple who were only brought together because their virtue’. Mr and Mrs Bennet, partly due to their unsuccessful marriage, prove to be terrible parents by the elopement. Jane’s letter gives us an insight in to the state at Longbourn. Mrs Bennet is described as quite unhelpful in the situation: ‘My poor mother is really ill and keeps her room.’ A good mother would try to at least provide comfort to her family and remain calm, steady and strong. Something Mrs Bennet does quite the opposite of, which is quite typical of her: ‘Could she exert herself it would be better, but this is not be expected’. Mrs Bennet influences Lydia to be flirty and exuberant from early on and it has a terrible effect. Mr Bennet, on the other hand, actually tries to handle the situation although he is grieved by the incident: ‘I never in my life saw him so affected.’ He tries to retrieve Lydia: ‘My father is going to London.’ But, it seems like an anger induced decision, ‘his excessive distress will not allow him to pursue any measure in the best and safest way’, which is not the way a good, responsible parent should react. Especially, because Mr Bennet was partly to blame for the whole incident as he never gives enough parental attention to Lydia and agrees to send her to Brighton even after Elizabeth’s pleas to withdraw the offer, simply because ‘â€Å"We shall have no peace at Longbourn if Lydia does not go to Brighton.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This shows that he was lazy and couldn’t be bothered to deal with Lydia in the house, so it was easier just to send her away at that point. In the long run, of course, it made things much more difficult but both parents don’t seem to learn from this terrible incident at all. Mrs Bennet is delighted and happy as soon as the marriage between Lydia and Wickham is almost confirmed and is completely ignorant of past grievances caused by Lydia: ‘She was disturbed by no fear for her felicity, nor humbled by any remembrance of her misconduct.’ It was almost as if there had been no scandal in the whole affair: ‘No sentiment of shame gave a damp to her triumph.’ Even the want of new clothes trumped the ignominy of the elopement: ‘She was more alive to the disgrace, which the want of new clothes must reflect on her daughter’s nuptials, than to any sense of shame at her eloping and living with Wickham, a fortnight before they took place.’ The effect on Mr Bennet is a little different as in the beginning, he is extremely guilty: ‘Who should suffer but myself? It has been my own doing, and I ought to feel it.’ But after being ‘rendered spiritless by the ill-success of all their endeavours,’ in London, he gives up and leaves Mr Gardiner to continue the search for Lydia, going back to his indifferent shell: ‘he naturally returned to all his former indolence.’ Although he feels no guilt doing that, one should think he would feel it after Mr Gardiner’s hard work pays off and he fixes a marriage between Lydia and Wickham, while he just lazed around. This does not happen though, instead, he feels pleasure: ‘That it would be done with such trifling exertion on his side, too, was another very welcome surprise.’ Finally, another aspect the elopement has an effect on, is the distant relations such as Mr Collins and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr Collins writes a letter to the Bennet family about the elopement, portraying his harsh characteristics. ‘The death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison to this’, he writes selfishly, because at least that wouldn’t disgrace his household. He also mentions that all relations of the Bennet family will be disgraced, including Lady Catherine’s agreement to add more power: ‘This false step in one daughter, will be injurious to the fortunes of all others, for who, as Lady Catherine herself condescendingly says, will connect themselves with such a family.’ As a solution, he writes in a very unforgiving and non-Christian manner to banish Lydia: â€Å"throw off your unworthy child from your affection for ever, and leave her to reap the fruits of her own heinous offence.† He doesn’t change his views even after Lydia and Wickham’s marriage: ‘You ought to certainly forgive them as a Christian, but never admit them in your sight, or allow their names to be mentioned in your hearing.’ For Lady Catherine, however, the Bennet’s disgrace is a weapon as she tries to use it against Elizabeth, in warning her to keep off Mr Darcy since she hears of their relationship: ‘â€Å"I am no stranger to the particulars of your youngest sister’s infamous elopement†¦Are the shades of Pemberley to be thus polluted?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Ironically, it has the inverse effect and her visit becomes the means of uniting Elizabeth and Darcy, as Elizabeth’s reluctance to rejecting him, gives him new encourag ement: ‘â€Å"It taught me to hope†¦had you been absolutely, irrevocably decided against me, you would have acknowledged it to Lady Catherine, frankly and openly.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In conclusion, the importance of the elopement is only truly understood after experiencing the aftermath, as the immediate effects and late effects of the elopement vary greatly for most people. It also has a different effect on different characters. For Elizabeth and Darcy, and Jane and Bingley, it is like a blessing in disguise but for Mr and Mrs Bennet, and Lydia and Wickham, it fails to have any good effect on the situation or characters. Instead, it reveals their flaws to others. This is the same for Mr Collins as he is shown as unforgiving of the disgrace extended to his household, and Lady Catherine’s insolent side is unveiled. The elopement changes the whole story and most characters revel in the change, thanks to Mr Darcy, with exceptions such as Lady Catherine and Miss Bingley.

The Kraken Story Essays

The Kraken Story Essays The Kraken Story Paper The Kraken Story Paper Day 126 We’ve been at the salty sea for 18 weeks and we still haven’t reached land. What to do? My whole crew is ready to turn around but I refuse to turn around without finding what I set out looking for. Day 128 CAN YOU BELIEVE IT.! We survived the horrible attack from the kraken. . . It started out when I was writing in my journal, when I looked out my window to find a humongous eye the size of 3 dinner plates. I jumped in my britches and ran to the deck. It was pouring down rain and the sky was pitch black with thundering clouds forming all around us. I tried to pull in the sail before STRIKE! The lightning hit the mass and off it went to sea. I turned around and my crew was running and screaming like chickens with their heads cut off. I yelled and yelled and yelled but they didn’t seem to listen until 8, giant, red arms came swinging at the boat. Luckily they missed. I turned on the motors of the boat hoping we could get out of the krakens clutch. He had us surrounded! Everyone went to their battle stations. Men were shooting guns, throwing harpoons, and blasting canons. The kraken was furious! Out of no where the boat started to rise, and next thing you know we slid back in the water to find the giant head directly above us. The eyes were staring at us in the face, its arms grabbed a hold of the boat, and we had no more weapons to fire. We thought we were for sure dead when STRIKE! The lightning had saved us. The kraken slowly floated to the bottom of the ocean as we celebrated in drinking a nice, cold beer. Now were just slowly sailing the ocean, with no sail, hoping to find land, and get there soon.

How to Use Verbs of Change in Japanese

How to Use Verbs of Change in Japanese There are many verbs that express change in Japanese. The most basic one is, naru (to become). The verb naru is used in [Noun ni naru] and [basic Verb you ni naru]. "~ Ni Naru" Michiko wa kyonen bengoshi ni narimashita. é â€œÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¼ Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¥ £ «Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ.Michiko became a lawyer last year.Yamada-sensei wa rainen kouchou ni narimasu. Ã¥ ± ±Ã§â€ °Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã§â€Å¸Ã£  ¯Ã¦  ¥Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¦   ¡Ã©â€¢ ·Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šMr. Yamada will become principal next year.Tomoko wa hirou no tame, byouki ni narimashita. æ™ ºÃ¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã§â€" ²Ã¥Å  ´Ã£  ®Ã£ Å¸Ã£â€š Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€"…æ °â€"㠁 «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚  Tomoko became sick from fatigue.Mada natsu ni narimasen. 㠁 ¾Ã£   Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  Summer has not yet come. In these sentences, the words, bengoshi kouchou byouki and natsu all express the resulting state. As for the fourth example, the subject is omitted. Natures seasonal changes, such as it getting hotter and spring arriving, are described using naru. For example, natsu ni narimashita Ã¥ ¤ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ, which literally means, it has become summer. The English expression would be summer has come. Change in Adjectives Change in state may be expressed not only by nouns, as seen in the examples above, but also by adjectives. When accompanied by adjectives, they take adverbial form. As for the I-adjective, replace the final ~ i with ~ ku to make the adverbial form. Ookii Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£ â€ž (big) ookiku (naru) Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Atarashii æâ€" °Ã£ â€"㠁„ (new) - atarashiku (naru) æâ€" °Ã£ â€"㠁 (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Atsui 暑㠁„ (hot) - atsuku (naru) 暑㠁 (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Yasui Ã¥ ®â€°Ã£ â€ž (cheap) - yasuku (naru) Ã¥ ®â€°Ã£  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹) As for Na-adjective, replace the final ~ na with ~ ni. Kireina 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁 ª (pretty) kireini (naru) 㠁 Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„㠁 «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Yuumeina æÅ"‰å  Ã£  ª (famous) - yuumeini (naru) æÅ"‰å  Ã£  «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Genkina å…Æ'æ °â€"㠁 ª (healthy) - genkini (naru) å…Æ'æ °â€"㠁 «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹)Shizukana é â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  ª (quiet) - shizukani (naru) é â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£  «(㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€¹) Here are some examples with adjectives: Koinu wa sugu ni ookiku narimasu. Ã¥ ­ Ã§Å  ¬Ã£  ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£  Ã£  «Ã¥ ¤ §Ã£  Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šThe puppy will become big quickly.Atatakaku narimashita ne. æšâ€"㠁‹ã  Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã  ­Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  It has gotten warm, hasnt it?Ano mise wa totemo yuumei ni narimashita. 㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¥ ºâ€"㠁 ¯Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¦Å"‰å  Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚The store has become very famous. "~ You Ni Naru" ~ you ni naru usually indicates a gradual change. It can be translated as, come to ~; it has come to be that ~; has finally become etc. Nanshii wa nihongo ga sukoshi hanaseru you ni natta. ãÆ'ŠãÆ' ³Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£ Å'Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£ â€"è © ±Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šNancy is finally able to speak Japanese a little.Youyaku kanojo no kimochi ga wakaru you ni narimashita. よ㠁†ã‚„㠁 Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¦ °â€"æÅ' Ã£  ¡Ã£ Å'ã‚ Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚Ive finally come to understand her feelings.Hiroshi wa nandemo yoku taberu you ni narimashita. Ã¥ Å¡Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚  Hiroshi has come to eat everything well.Chichi wa sake o nomanai you ni natta. çˆ ¶Ã£  ¯Ã©â€¦â€™Ã£â€šâ€™Ã© £ ²Ã£  ¾Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  My father has reached the point where he doesnt drink sake.Muzukashii kanji mo yomeru you ni natta. é› £Ã£ â€"㠁„æ ¼ ¢Ã¥ ­â€"ã‚‚è ª ­Ã£â€š Ã £â€šâ€¹Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚  I have come to read even the difficult kanji. You ni by itself can be used as an adverbial phrase, along with other verbs (not just, naru). For example, Kare wa nihongo o nihon jin no you ni hanasu Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ®Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  «Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š (He speaks Japanese like a Japanese person.) "~ Koto Ni Naru" While, ~ you ni naru describes a shift or change, focusing on the result itself, ~ koto ni naru is often used when someones decision, or an arrangement, is involved. It translates to, it will be decided that ~; come about ~; turn out that ~. Even if the speaker decides to do something, it sounds more indirect and more humble to use this structure rather than using, koto ni suru (decide to do). Watashi wa raigetsu kara ginkou ni tsutomeru koto ni narimashita. ç § Ã£  ¯Ã¦  ¥Ã¦Å"ˆã â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã©Å â‚¬Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 «Ã¥â€¹ ¤Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚It has been decided that the bank will employ me next month.Rainen go-gatsu ni kekkon suru koto ni narimashita. æ  ¥Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¦Å"ˆã  «Ã§ µ Ã¥ ©Å¡Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚Its been arranged that I will get married next May.Nihon dewa kuruma wa hidarigawa o hashiru koto ni natteiru. æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã£  ¯Ã¨ »Å Ã£  ¯Ã¥ · ¦Ã¥  ´Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ µ °Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šIn Japan, cars are supposed to be driven on the left side.Kyou Tanaka-san ni au koto ni natte imasu. ä »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã§â€ °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¨Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€šIts been arranged that Im going to see Mr. Tanaka today.Maiku wa nihon de eigo o oshieru koto ni naru deshou. ãÆ'žã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¯Ã£  ¯Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£  §Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ã€‚It may turn out that Mike will teach English in Japan.

Research Tools and their Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Tools and their Effectiveness - Essay Example The research took more than 26 weeks to complete. With the sensitivity of the matter, training them for only 8 weeks doesn’t make a lot of sense in that they will not have experienced the necessary knowledge which they can use with ease to determine whether to report as casualty or not. Further, the issue of monitoring the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy is not much encouraged because, if you monitor them, they will tend to be accurate and may not sway away from normality due to your presence. For a research to have the required scientific vigor homogeneity of data is required and this can only be obtained if some certain restrictions are imposed on the participants (Agnes, A 2007). This may include: Age, gender, occupation, health status, earning and many others depending entirely on the objective of the study. For example, for one to take part in this study, the researcher ensured that, he/she had at least some experience in radiography which he himself knew and another which had brought him to that health facility to assist in the provision of the service. However, they were not required to have any formal training in radiography. In any scientific research which involves human participants, freedom to take part in it is a priority as you cannot force one to get involved without his/her consent (Mailu, S. 2004). Participants have to be given the opportunity to say what they want based on the restrictions above. In this study, all the participants are not provided with the necessary information and a verbal consent is not sought from each of them. Mainly a consent form is signed by him/her stating that, all that is involved in the study will be followed to the later voluntarily (Charles, A 2000). The protection of human participant’s information is key for any research to be successful (Bailey, 2005).

The education system compare and contrast 2 countries(USA&UK) Essay

The education system compare and contrast 2 countries(USA&UK) - Essay Example According to the national curriculum, there are four key stages in the education system. The first and second stages combined, form the primary level of education, comprising of learners between the ages of five to eleven year. Stages three and four make up the secondary level and comprise of learners between the ages of eleven and fourteen year. Throughout the above stages, standard assessment tests are regularly administered to learners. The last key stage is the GCSE in which, students learn English, maths, citizenship, Information Technology, science and physical education. At the end, learners take the GCSE examinations in each subject. At the higher education stage, learners may opt to further their education by enrolling in vocational colleges or pursue secondary education for another year. Entry into universities in the United Kingdom, however, requires students to study for two more years then sit the Advanced Level examinations. Undergraduate degrees take three years to complete, one year for a master’s degree or two years for a research master’s degree. A doctorate takes three years to complete while professional courses such as teaching, medicine and law take five years. In the United Kingdom students are not ranked within their study year, rather, the GCSE, SCE, AS and A-level exams are used to assess their performance. The education system of the United Kingdom is advantageous in that; it provides in-depth learning of a particular discipline. This is especially useful for a student wishing to specialise in a particular field especially at the university. Another advantage is that education is relatively cheap since it is state funded. A disadvantage, though, is the number of subjects taught to children at the primary stage, which is seen to be too much for such young brains to handle. In the United States, the structure of the education system incorporates; primary, secondary and higher successively.

Project Paper Part C Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Paper Part C - Statistics Project Example Similar to the coefficient of variation, the coefficient of determination normally ranges between +1 and -1. The coefficient of determination between the credit balance and size is established at 0.566; this means that 56% of the total variation can be explained by the linear relationship that exists between the credit balance and size of the household. The remaining 44% of the variation cannot be explained by the linear relationship which exists between the credit balance and size of a household. The above results of a two tailed t-test help a statistician to understand the probability of the differences of a given data; it indicates whether data are attributed to sampling errors. The t-test is mostly used by statisticians to reject a particular hypothesis or not. Mostly, if the p-value, which indicates the level of probability, is less than a certain significance level, one can reject a hypothesis. The above two tailed t-test was performed on credit card balance (variable 1) and size of household (variable 2). The P (T

The Woman Who Watches Over The World English Literature Essay

The Woman Who Watches Over The World English Literature Essay Linda Hogan is a Chickasaw meaning she belongs to a group of Native Americans who migrated in to east of Mississippi river, Oklahoma. She is a poet and a novelist writer and has contributed much in this field. In her book, The Woman Who Watches over the World: a Native Memoir, she brings about different themes some of which are associated with her difficult past and those of her people painful history. She assumes the position of a Clay Woman named The woman who watches over the world, and uses her to view the worlds problem and that of her tribe in that perspective. The title is derived from a sculpture figure made of clay which she bought and which became broken on the way to being delivered to her. It is from the figure that she realizes the comparison to human beings life which gets hurt; just as it is with her personal life. From the many fragments in this anecdote, we can piece them together to see the whole history and current status of the Native Americans have undergone. History, survival and healing are the major themes in this book. The book is a journey from childhood to adulthood and the various problems one encounters. Healing is supposed to be understood from the power derived from words and also the natural healing. The history of physical and emotional suffering she inherited from her people contributes to the way she reacts in life. The Natives Americans are presented with their many problems and are reflected on Hogans hard and painful life. The Native Americans or the American Indians had a traumatizing history. They were deeply religious and most of their beliefs were connected with nature. Land, water and animals became to them a symbol of gods gift to mankind. This made it possible for them to practice collective ownership especially of land. Their relocation from their land in 1837 was met with caution since they had to pay allegiance to the USA government. Despite their effort to keep their ancestral land they nevertheless got evicted and trading posts established in their land. The tribal leaders were forced to sell the land and move away to Indian territories. In the new Oklahoma area, where they finally got relocated, the adaptation was not easy bearing in mind that they had to struggle to get food. By the turn of 19th century, the United States government foresaw the dissolution of the Natives tribal government and a division of their land. Missionaries were established which were taxed with the job of educating the Indians in the American way. Ironically, such an education proved worthless because the girls returned to their world afterwards. Poverty and lack of important physical amenities was the order of the day. The Chickasaws had endured such a life for many decades and it is this life that Hogan addresses. She wants to stress the important aspect of healing from the past so that the people can move forward. Hogan was born in German and grew up under her father who was a sergeant in the American army and a neurotic mother. Her earlier life saw her move to many places and eventually ended up in Oklahoma. Hogan relationship with her mother was depressing and mostly neglectful in nature. She never experienced love and this fact left her to seek it from other sources. Although, her mother did her duties like any other mother, Hogan asserts that she could not love. The rest of her life is spent in pursuit of love so as to heal her wounds she experienced when young. As a young child, she was susceptible to diseases and infection common to young children. In addition, clinical depression and poor mental health would lead her to alcoholism in later life to an extent of committing suicide. These physical and mental ailments caused her much trauma and she was to live with it in to adulthood. Her mother rarely provided details about her childhood life but remained silent perhaps in line with her ancestors to bury the painful past. To heal from this trauma she was to adopt two daughters and who had similarly undergone a difficult life as her own, in order to connect with that experience. At only the age of 12 years, she became involved romantically to a man twice her age and they stayed as married. They would later part with Robert and she in turn move from Germany to the USA. This episode hurts her so much that she reminisces it as having been a child but responsible for an adult. Hogan yearned to heal from the trauma she faced of being in school yet married at a young age. The gap she felt would later lead to her adopting two daughters in order to fill the love void she dearly missed. Both daughters, Jeannette and Marie, also had their own share of hard life, but Hogan felt that love could heal almost anything in this world. Despite her trying to live with the adopted daughters, it proved very difficult for them to heal completely to an extent where Marie denied her own children. We observe that Hogan tried to heal from her loveless childhood by playing motherhood to these two adopted daughters. The silence she experienced about her past could now be replaced by a history of her daughters which she knows. Luckily enough, they have a terrible past just like her own and it helps to connect with her lost past. Both daughters are then a reflection of a past and a future for the Natives especially Jeannette who heals to become a purposeful mother. Hogan on the other hand contracted a horrible disease called fibromyalgia. The disease caused her much trouble leaving her weak and unable to sleep. The desire to sleep and dream about emotional healing was too affected. She sought a physical healing which initially became elusive and later even though medicine helped, she never became what she was originally. This was the time she lost faith in medicine world when she reckoned that money was being used in search of a cure yet none came her way. Waiting and hoping was all that was left for her. Through medicine which is extracted from nature in terms of plants and naturally occurring substances dug from the earth, she later in life received her treatment from physical ailments. A horse named Mystery became to her a close companion. Hogan was able to draw parallel in the horses life and hers. Mystery dies in the process of giving birth that was characterized by pain. She likens this pain to her experiences in life and the yearning to heal from it. Another relationship with a horse, the Big Red Horse, also leads to fate as she falls while trying to ride. She suffered numerous injuries leading her to experience short term memory loss. Hogan attempts self healing by indulging in a number of hobbies. She embarks on horse breeding, because in it she finds joy and contentment but it becomes tragic to her. Both of these two occurrences fueled the pain in her life in as much as the desire to heal was multiplied. Hogan was addicted to alcohol when she was young. The addiction came about as she experimented to find a solution to her troubles. In the search for her self, she ends up drinking in order to forget her woes and sleep. The pain and confusion she felt would so many times lead to drinking so as to drown them. History and the ability to remember the past is a disease. Our ancestors underwent much trouble which after we learn it becomes a burden too hard to bear. It is under such an illusion that Hogan just like many Native Americans sought drink to escape the memories from the past and present. As she says falling was the answer to a broken heart, as a reference to the attitude she had towards alcohol. She eventually conquers drinking once she became an adult albeit this leaves a scar in her life. It is by extending love to other humans and animals where she finds a healing. Under all the above traumas, she stood hard to see the healing take place. Hogan just like her ancestors found solace in nature and the environment. Of her doctors she says, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they became earth, water, light, and air. They were animals, plants, and kindred spirits. It was not healing I found or a life free from pain, but a kind of love and kinship with a similarly broken world. The sickness and suffering she felt can also be identified with the Native Americans fight for their survival. Such thoughts also reflect nature which if left alone tends to heal by itself. To be what she is, Hogan had to get changed by pain and events and diseases and she did it with courage and honesty which are vital values in the world today. Personal survival depends on history and by examining hardships undergone so as to find power to refresh ones spirit. Nature also plays a role in this healing by providing elements that can be used to cure a disease for example. Hogan is able to overcome and find strength over the many obstacles that stood her way in the course of self-actualization. An interesting parallel is drawn in relation to different natural elements like woman to land and bird to water. Love is the connecting element since each needs the existence of the other in order to survive. In conclusion, Hogan lays down the many problems faced by people not only in America but in every part of the world. Each people and nation has a history that was faced by problems such as land and identity. Some have even become extinct if their war to survive got worse. In all these stories, it is important to learn from their duel and get insight which in turn should be applied in our day to day lives. Problems are inevitable and it is the way we appreciate and deal with them that counts. Healing as a process should be core in life, whether personally or as a society. If people look for solutions they will always find a way to overcome their pain.